The vertex opposite the base is called the apex. The angle included by the legs is called the vertex angle and the angles that have the base as one of their sides are called the base angles. In an isosceles triangle that has exactly two equal sides, the equal sides are called legs and the third side is called the base. The same word is used, for instance, for isosceles trapezoids, trapezoids with two equal sides, and for isosceles sets, sets of points every three of which form an isosceles triangle. "Isosceles" is made from the Greek roots "isos" (equal) and "skelos" (leg). A triangle that is not isosceles (having three unequal sides) is called scalene. The difference between these two definitions is that the modern version makes equilateral triangles (with three equal sides) a special case of isosceles triangles. Terminology, classification, and examples Įuclid defined an isosceles triangle as a triangle with exactly two equal sides, but modern treatments prefer to define isosceles triangles as having at least two equal sides.
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